Many more coaches appear to be using block training (block periodization) in their running program. This is great to see because it is a very effective method for improving high-level athletic performance. However, block training is very specific and must be used wisely in order to get maximum benefit. Merely establishing blocks in the training can prove to be a detriment to improving athletic performance, especially for the high-level athlete.
The key to effective use of block training in a running program lies in specificity. But even here we find much confusion as to exactly what specificity means. Many take it to mean development of the same muscles as are used in the competitive sport.
But this is far from what the Russians who developed this method mean by block training. To them, the block training of a physical quality must be coupled with the technique displayed in the execution of a specific sports skill. It is used only in specialized physical preparation period. (SPP).
Block training is never used for development of general physical qualities as done in the general physical preparation period. (GPP). For this phase of training it is best to use the more popular annual training cycle, as developed by Matveyev, in your running program.
Block training is reserved for future years when the base or foundational physical qualities and technique are already well established. At this time the athlete is performing on a higher level and competing a great deal. Block training is not used if the athlete only competes once a year.
The key element that makes block training so effective for a running program is the coupling of technique with development of the physical quality. Thus, before using this method you must make sure that you understand fully what the technique is and understand how to develop an exercise that duplicates a particular aspect of the total technique.